Which blood cells are the chief phagocytes involved in the early inflammation process?

Which blood cells are the chief phagocytes involved in the early inflammation process?

Question 4. : Which of the following describes how the body compensates for anemia?

Increasing rate and depth of breathing

Decreasing capillary vasoconstriction

Hemoglobin holding more firmly onto oxygen

Kidneys releasing more erythropoietin

Question 5. : Obesity creates a greater risk for dehydration in people because:

Adipose cells contain little water because fat is water repelling.

The metabolic rate of obese adults is slower than the rate of lean adults.

The rate of urine output of obese adults is higher than the rate of output of lean adults.

The thirst receptors of the hypothalamus do not function effectively.

Question 6. : Which hormone prompts increased anxiety, vigilance, and arousal during a stress response?

Norepinephrine

Epinephrine

Cortisol

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 7. : What is the treatment of choice for pernicious anemia (PA)?

Cyanocobalamin by oral intake

Vitamin B12 by injection

Ferrous fumarate by Z-track injection

Folate by oral intake

Question 8. : Which sexually transmitted infection frequently coexists with gonorrhea?

Syphilis

Herpes simplex virus

Chlamydia

Chancroid

Question 9. : During an infection, why do lymph nodes enlarge and become tender?

B lymphocytes proliferate.

The nodes are inflamed.

The nodes fill with purulent exudate.

The nodes are not properly functioning.

Question 10. : Chvostek and Trousseau signs indicate which electrolyte imbalance?

Hypokalemia

Hyperkalemia

Hypocalcemia

Hypercalcemia

Question 11. : What is the suggested mean blood pressure for an 8- to 9-year-old child?

104/55 mm Hg

106/58 mm Hg

112/62 mm Hg

121/70 mm Hg

Question 12. : Stress-induced sympathetic stimulation of the adrenal medulla causes the secretion of:

Epinephrine and aldosterone

Norepinephrine and cortisol

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Acetylcholine and cortisol

Question 13. : Bronchiolitis tends to occur during the first years of life and is most often caused by what type of infection?

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Influenzavirus

Adenoviruses

Rhinovirus

Question 14. : What is the function of erythrocytes?

Tissue oxygenation

Hemostasis

Infection control

Allergy response

Question 15. : The tonic neck reflex observed in a newborn should no longer be obtainable by:

2 years

1 year

10 months

5 months

Question 16. Where are Kupffer cells located?

Kidneys

Liver

Pancreas

Spleen

Question 17. Stress-induced norepinephrine results in:

Pupil constriction

Peripheral vasoconstriction

Increased sweat gland secretions

Decreased blood pressure

Question 18. Which normal physiologic change occurs in the aging pulmonary system?

Decreased flow resistance

Fewer alveoli

Stiffening of the chest wall

Improved elastic recoil

Question 19. Which statement accurately describes childhood asthma?

An obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperreactivity, and inflammation

A pulmonary disease characterized by severe hypoxemia, decreased pulmonary compliance, and diffuse densities on chest x-ray imaging

A pulmonary disorder involving an abnormal expression of a protein, producing viscous mucus that lines the airways, pancreas, sweat ducts, and vas deferens

An obstructive airway disease characterized by atelectasis and increased pulmonary resistance as a result of a surfactant deficiency

Question 20. In which structure does B lymphocytes mature and undergo changes that commit them to becoming B cells?

Thymus gland

Regional lymph nodes

Bone marrow

Spleen

Question 21. Tissue damage caused by the deposition of circulating immune complexes containing an antibody against the host DNA is the cause of which disease?

Hemolytic anemia

Pernicious anemia

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Myasthenia gravis

Question 22. Where are Langerhans cells found?

Skin

Intestinal lining

Kidney

Thyroid

Question 23. What is the most commonly reported symptom of cancer treatment?

Nausea

Fatigue

Hair loss

Weight loss

Question 24. Cystic fibrosis is caused by which process?

Autosomal recessive inheritance

Autosomal dominant inheritance

Infection

Malignancy

Question 25. What is the primary cause of the symptoms of polycythemia vera?

Decreased erythrocyte count

Destruction of erythrocytes

Increased blood viscosity

Neurologic involvement

Question 26. What term is used to describe a hernial protrusion of a saclike cyst that contains meninges, spinal fluid, and a portion of the spinal cord through a defect in a posterior arch of a vertebra?

Encephalocele

Meningocele

Spina bifida occulta

Myelomeningocele

Question 27. How is the effectiveness of vitamin B12 therapy measured?

Reticulocyte count

Serum transferring

Hemoglobin

Serum vitamin B12

Question 28. The ability of the pathogen to invade and multiply in the host is referred to as:

Infectivity

Toxigenicity

Pathogenicity

Virulence

Question 29. Which is an example of an endogenous antigen?

Yeast

Cancer cells

Bacteria

Fungus

Question 30. Which immunoglobulin is present in blood, saliva, breast milk, and respiratory secretions?

IgA

IgE

IgG

IgM

Question 31. Which blood cells are the chief phagocytes involved in the early inflammation process?

Neutrophils

Monocytes

Eosinophils

Erythrocytes

Question 32. Which renal change is found in older adults?

Sharp decline in glomerular filtration rate

Sharp decline in renal blood flow

Decrease in the number of nephrons

Decrease in urine output