KENYA INSTITUTE OF STUDIES IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE
COURSE: DIPLOMA IN INTELLIGENCE MANAGEMENT
MODULE: INTELLIGENCE
QUESTION: DISCUSS THE FOUR ROLES OF AN TELLIGENCE OFFICER. (40 MARKS)
STUDENT: DAVID MBUGUA KIHIU
SUPERVISOR: OTENDE PAUL
SUBMISSION DATE: 20TH DECEMBER 2014
Table of Contents
TOC o “1-3” h z u HYPERLINK l “_Toc402630096” Introduction PAGEREF _Toc402630096 h 2
HYPERLINK l “_Toc402630097” 1.Roles of an Intelligence Officer PAGEREF _Toc402630097 h 2
HYPERLINK l “_Toc402630098” 2.1 Signals Intelligence PAGEREF _Toc402630098 h 2
HYPERLINK l “_Toc402630099” 2.2 Adviser PAGEREF _Toc402630099 h 2
HYPERLINK l “_Toc402630100” 2.3 Intelligence Data Collection Role PAGEREF _Toc402630100 h 3
HYPERLINK l “_Toc402630101” 2.4 Coordinate Intelligence Activities PAGEREF _Toc402630101 h 3
HYPERLINK l “_Toc402630102” 2.5Analyst of Security Data PAGEREF _Toc402630102 h 3
HYPERLINK l “_Toc402630103” 2.6 Intelligence Product Planning PAGEREF _Toc402630103 h 4
HYPERLINK l “_Toc402630104” 2.7 Development of Intelligence Personnel PAGEREF _Toc402630104 h 4
HYPERLINK l “_Toc402630105” 2.8 Coordination of Intelligence Support PAGEREF _Toc402630105 h 4
HYPERLINK l “_Toc402630106” 2.9 Other role of the Intelligence Officers PAGEREF _Toc402630106 h 5
HYPERLINK l “_Toc402630107” 2.9.1 Coordinating and Presenting Intelligence Briefs PAGEREF _Toc402630107 h 5
HYPERLINK l “_Toc402630108” 2.9.2 Deploy with Squadrons PAGEREF _Toc402630108 h 5
HYPERLINK l “_Toc402630109” 2.9.3 Operate as Strategic and Operational Officers PAGEREF _Toc402630109 h 5
HYPERLINK l “_Toc402630110” Conclusion PAGEREF _Toc402630110 h 6
HYPERLINK l “_Toc402630111” References PAGEREF _Toc402630111 h 7
IntroductionAs an Intelligence Officer your focus will be gathering, delivering and utilizing intelligence. These are fascinating and unique roles. Whether working with government departments to identify the intelligence requirements, overseeing a targeting effort to develop an operation to gather the intelligence, meeting the agents overseas with access to the intelligence, or reporting the intelligence back to senior government officials you will be at the forefront of keeping this country safe and secure. An intelligence officer in the Police offers operational planners and front-line commanders insight into an adversary’s plans (Bogdanowicz, Scapolo, Leijten & Burgelman, 2001). Whether an intelligence officer is in the Army, Navy, Air Force or the police, duties are similar and specialties fall into one of several areas. An intelligence officer must have a specialized training, be a Kenyan citizen or any other from the world and must meet the same physical standards as other officers. Police intelligence was a factor in historical wars, but not the weapon it is today. Since the earliest days of war and battle, commanders would send out others to be their eyes and ears to gain intelligence. Whether these methods used forces were individual spies, specialized reconnaissance forces or the questioning of an explorer and his knowledge of the local populace and area, the commander he needed to learn what the enemy was thinking, his size, location, weakness and terrain. This intelligence gained had to be weighed against how recent it was and how fast he could react to it. House defines Police intelligence as “concerned primarily with the armed forces of the enemy or potential enemy powers, but also includes analysis of the terrain, weather, industrial production, weapons development, local diseases, and many other factors that affect Police operations quite as much as the enemy force in the field.
Roles of an Intelligence OfficerSignals IntelligenceAn intelligence officer who specializes in imagery intelligence relies on remote-sensing equipment, such as cameras on manned aircraft, drones and stationary installations. The officer then delivers information on targets, troop and equipment movements and changes in installations to decision-makers. Signals intelligence officers specialize in collecting information from an adversary’s own communications. They also specialize in electronic warfare.
Adviser
The intelligence officer working in all-source intelligence gathers and manages the distribution of intelligence information. Part of the job includes overall analysis and advice to senior Police and civilian officials as well as combat commanders. The all-source intelligence aviator flies special electronic-mission aircraft missions (Gentry, 2010).
Intelligence Data Collection RoleSome intelligence officers specialize in collecting data through human resources, such as the information provided by Police intelligence specialists, Kenyan personnel formerly held by adversaries or indigenous people who have knowledge of an adversary’s operations. The human intelligence officer also deals with information acquired from captured adversaries through interviews and investigations. Counterintelligence officers gather information and conduct operations to prevent espionage, sabotage, and assassinations by adversaries of Kenya.
Coordinate Intelligence ActivitiesAll intelligence officers coordinate intelligence activities among the personnel under their command. They use this information to determine risks related to potential command decisions. They use the intelligence gathered through their specialty to resolve threats presented by an adversary and to provide operational commanders with a reduced risk of uncertainty.
Analyst of Security DataAs an Intelligence Officer, you will be employed to decipher and analyze a wide variety of information that will help inform the decision making process that underpins Modern Air Operations. This will include a variety of techniques that include planning, analyzing, evaluating and fusing information in the context of the operation or activity you are supporting. Ultimately, the result of an Intelligence Officers’ assessment helps to ensure the safety and security of our people and the operations we are conducting at home and overseas.
Intelligence Product PlanningIn the broader Intelligence Officer role, you will be involved in functions such as the production of all-source intelligence product planning support activities associated with Air Operations creation, the review, and amendment of intelligence policy, management of the intelligence specialization and trade development of specialist intelligence capabilities.
Development of Intelligence PersonnelThey are also to be involved in the management and development of intelligence personnel, development, and support of Kenyan Police and Kenya Defense Forces Electronic Warfare capability, mission planning, managing projects and security and the management of intelligence processes and outputs.
Coordination of Intelligence Support
All Intelligence Officers will be deployed on operations, supporting the aircrew team and holding responsibility for coordinating and delivering critical intelligence support to the operation. This will include application of analytical thinking; analysis, preparation, co-ordination and implementation of intelligence functions associated with the conduct of land and Air Operations. The officers need a high degree of computer literacy; utilizing a variety of computer based systems and applications. This will include web-based applications as well as digital data libraries, applications and tools. Technology and learning are staple aspects of your job with constant challenges only another mission away (Herrnstein & Murray, 2010).
The officers frequently work in a secure environment with a close-knit, highly motivated team who are very mission focused. As an intelligence officer in Kenya one has to be always ready to respond, with Intelligence support being a 24 hour job, you may deploy at short notice and operate in various locations throughout the world. The prospect of shift work can add flexibility to your personal pursuits, but remains a reality of the job.
2.9 Other role of the Intelligence Officers
Coordinating and Presenting Intelligence BriefsIntelligence officers can be employed on an Operational Squadron preparing, coordinating and presenting intelligence briefs, conducting debriefs and providing advice to Squadron members and commanders. This will involve liaising with various stakeholders and ensuring effective intelligence support is implemented to support the mission. The development, co-ordination and delivery of intelligence products to your assigned Squadron and supporting the various air and land related activities relevant to Kenyan interests. They analyze intelligence received from various sources and interpret the significance of this data to Police and police operations.
Deploy with SquadronsAll Intelligence Officers will have the opportunity to deploy with squadrons on exercises or operations. The officer will spend time in other countries and experience a diversity of cultures and conditions as you support the activities of the Squadron you are deployed with. The duties on deployment draw on your training and have you working alongside aircrew and other intelligence staff (Obama, 2010).
Operate as Strategic and Operational Officers
Intelligence Officers operate across the strategic, operational, and tactical environments. At all rank levels you will interact with members of other squadrons, especially aircrew trades and specializations, as well as with members of the Army, Navy, Police and wider Government Agencies.
Conclusion
Criminal intelligence officers provide the information necessary to create and implement a strategy, and to develop policy and long-term plans to combat evolving crime trends. An intelligence-led policing model serves as a guide to operations and is more likely to succeed if timely strategic reports are available for the clients during their operational planning and there is an established organizational commitment to using them. In conclusion, in this essay I have shown that the absence lack of a permanent mandated Police intelligence institution with a defined mission statement was a considerable limitation to the provision of support for British Police operations in the pre-1914 period. I have looked primarily at the Crimean and Boer Wars and in both cases major setbacks were suffered initially due to intelligence failures at the strategic, operational and tactical levels. However once field intelligence structures were set up, adequately staffed and functioning, the situation improved and they were actually quite successful in providing order of battle intelligence which benefited Police operations. The reasons for the delay in identifying the need for an intelligence organisation are described by the various commentators as ‘prejudice’ against or a ‘lack of confidence’ in the intelligence functions primarily by the British Police command. The first can perhaps best be explained by the Victorian mindset on appropriate conduct for an officer and a gentleman; the second is more difficult to explain. The lack of confidence could be due to a tendency to focus on intelligence failures rather than its successes. Police Intelligence is a process not an exact science – information has to be collected, collated, corroborated, evaluated, then decisions made and orders issued. All of which took time when time was of the essence; an early version of the intelligence cycle.
ReferencesBogdanowicz, M., Scapolo, F., Leijten, J., & Burgelman, J. C. (2001).Scenarios for ambient intelligence in 2010 (pp. 3-8). Office for official publications of the European Communities.
Gentry, J. A. (2010). Intelligence learning and adaptation: lessons from counterinsurgency wars. Intelligence and National Security, 25(1), 50-75.
Herrnstein, R. J., & Murray, C. (2010). Bell curve: Intelligence and class structure in American life. Simon and Schuster.
Obama, B. (2010). National Security Strategy of the United States (2010). DIANE Publishing.
